Automobiles, also known as cars, have had a dramatic impact on society since their creation in the late 19th Century. They have opened up new work opportunities, increased freedom of travel, and created whole industries that would not exist without the automobile. However, with the increase in convenience comes a number of drawbacks and environmental concerns.
The scientific and technical building blocks of the modern automobile date back several hundred years. Inventors and engineers had been working on a horseless carriage as early as the 16th Century, with Leonardo da Vinci creating designs for such vehicles. However, it was not until the late 19th Century that such vehicles were perfected by inventors such as Karl Benz. The earliest automobiles were powered by steam, electricity or gasoline. The steam engine automobiles were very fast but had limited range and could be difficult to start. Electric vehicles required expensive recharging stations and had slow speeds. Gasoline-powered engines had the best combination of speed and range.
Modern automobiles are built to be cost-efficient and safe. They are designed with clear visibility through well-placed windows, allowing passengers to see what is around them. Modern safety features include airbags, seat belts and crumple zones.
In addition to safety, the automobile has opened up many new work opportunities for people who have to live far from work, or who otherwise would not be able to get to their jobs. Moreover, in areas where public transportation is scarce or nonexistent, having a car can be the difference between a good job and no job.